Analysis, Conclusions and Evaluation

State and explain which individual is healthy.

State and explain which individual has diabetes.

The pH of urine in healthy humans is normally 6.5. The pH of urine can be measured using universal indicator paper strips.

A scientist wants to determine whether the pH of human urine is affected by the volume of water drunk. For her investigation she selects 20 healthy female volunteers of similar age and weight.

Plan a method the scientist could use for her investigation.

Explain how you would calculate the area of leaf that has been removed.

Calculate the area of leaf that has been removed. Each square has an area of $16\text{ mm}^2$.

Show your working.

______

Describe the method you would use to calculate the percentage area of this leaf that has been damaged.

Suggest and explain how the growth of the plant may be affected if most of its leaves were damaged in this way.

Complete the table by calculating the total number of heart beats for the 3 minutes after the step exercise.

The resting pulse rate of the student before exercising was 16 heart beats in 15 seconds.

Calculate the number of heart beats in a minute for this resting pulse rate.

______

The fitness rating of an individual can be calculated using the formula shown.

Use the information given above to calculate the student’s fitness and to determine her fitness rating.

fitness = ______
fitness rating = ______

Describe the differences in pulse rate between the unfit student and the fit student as shown in the graph.

______

Use the graph to calculate the difference in pulse rate between the unfit student and the fit student 6 minutes after starting to exercise.

______

Calculate the mean diameter of the clear areas around the discs with antibiotic H. Enter the value in the table rounded to one decimal place.

Show your working.

______

Construct a bar chart of the four mean diameters in Table 2.1 on the grid.

State which antibiotic was most effective at preventing growth of the bacteria.

______

The student realised that one of their results was anomalous.

State which measurement was an anomalous result and suggest what the student could have done about it.

______

On the grid below, plot the results for the three test-tubes A, B and C on the same axes.

Describe and compare the temperature changes in each of the three test-tubes.

Suggest and explain two ways to improve this method to make the results more reliable.

improvement 1 = ______
explanation = ______
improvement 2 = ______
explanation = ______

State which test-tube represents the animal that finds it easiest to maintain a constant body temperature.

______

Construct a line graph of the data in the table on the grid below. Plot the data as two lines on the same axes. Join your points with ruled, straight lines.

Use the data to describe and compare the effect of still air and moving air on the rate of transpiration.

Calculate how far the bubble moved between four and five minutes when the plant was in moving air.

______ $\text{cm}$

The area of the cross-section of the hollow glass tube containing the air bubble was $0.785\text{ mm}^2$.

Use the data to calculate the volume of water that was transpired by the plant between four and five minutes in moving air. Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

______ $\text{mm}^3$

Another student repeated this investigation a week later, but her results were different.

Suggest two reasons why her results were different.

1. ______
2. ______

Complete Table 2.1.

Explain why each part of the skin was touched ten times.

______

Using the information in Table 2.1, name the part of body which is

1. most sensitive to touch ______
2. least sensitive to touch ______

Suggest and explain what these total numbers in Table 1.1 indicate about the inheritance of the green pigment.

Suggest how you could improve the reliability of this investigation.

Suggest and explain which seedlings, given the right conditions, would be able to grow to become mature healthy plants.

Describe and explain these results.

Suggest how you could improve the method used in this investigation to obtain more valid and reliable results.