Microscopy and Biological Drawing

In the space below make a large drawing of the cell labelled C as it appears in the photomicrograph.

Complete the table by describing three visible differences between cell C and cell D.

Draw a straight line on the photomicrograph to join E and F.

Measure and record the length of this line.

length of line E–F = ______ $\text{mm}$

On your drawing, draw a straight line at the same location as the line E–F.

Measure and record the length of this line.

length of line on drawing = ______ $\text{mm}$

Use your measurements in (i) and (ii) to calculate the magnification of your drawing compared to the photomicrograph. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

magnification $\times$ ______

In the space below make a large drawing of the plant as it appears in the photomicrograph.

Draw a straight line on the photomicrograph to join lines G and H. Measure the length of this line and record it.

______

Use your measurement to calculate the actual length of the plant. Round your answer to 3 decimal places.

actual length = ______ $\text{mm}$

Describe how you would find out whether a sample of pond water contained this plant.

Make a large drawing of the two guard cells between points C and D and the epidermal cells touching the guard cells.

Measure the length of a guard cell in the photomicrograph between points C and D.

______ $\text{mm}$

The actual length of the guard cell is $0.07\text{ mm}$. Calculate the magnification of the photomicrograph to the nearest whole number.

magnification $\times$ ______

Make a large drawing of one of the germinating seeds in the space below.

Label the root hairs on your drawing.

Measure the length of the developing root of your specimen. Record this length.

______ $\text{mm}$

On your drawing clearly mark the two points between which you measured the length of the root. Label these points F and G.

Measure the distance between F and G on your drawing and record it.

______ $\text{mm}$

Calculate the magnification of your drawing compared with the actual length of the root. Show your working.

magnification $\times$ ______

In the space below, make a large drawing of the cell labelled P. You do not need to label your drawing.

Measure and record the maximum length of cell P in Fig. 2.1.

Maximum length of cell P in Fig. 2.1 = ______ $\text{mm}$

Use the magnification of Fig. 2.1 to calculate the actual length of cell P.

Show your working.

______

State two structures, visible in Fig. 2.1, that are found only in plant cells.

1. ______
2. ______

In Fig. 3.1 A a small artery is labelled.

State the visible features of this blood vessel that show it is an artery.

Name the structure labelled Z in Fig. 3.1 A.

______

Explain, using features visible in Fig. 3.1 A, how the healthy lung tissue is adapted for gas exchange.

Describe one visible difference between the diseased and healthy lung tissue shown in Fig. 3.1.

Identify this organ ______

In the space below, make a large drawing of this organ as it appears in the photograph.

On the photograph, draw a straight line between F and G.

Measure and record the length of this line.

______ $\text{mm}$

The actual length of this organ is $12\text{ cm}$. Use your measurement in (c)(i) to calculate the magnification of the organ in the photograph.

magnification $\times$ ______

Identify this organ ______

In the space below, make a large drawing of this organ as it appears in the photograph.

On the photograph, draw a straight line between F and G.

Measure and record the length of this line.

______ $\text{mm}$

The actual length of this organ is $12\text{ cm}$. Use your measurement in (c)(i) to calculate the magnification of the organ in the photograph.

magnification $\times$ ______

In the space below, make a large drawing of the plant section as it appears in the photomicrograph.

On your drawing, draw a straight line in the same position as the line A–B you have drawn on the photomicrograph. Measure and record the length of this line.

length of line on drawing = ______ $\text{mm}$

Use your measurements in (b)(i) and (b)(ii) to calculate the magnification of your drawing compared to the photomicrograph. Record your answer to 2 decimal places.

Show your working.

magnification $\times$ ______

Make a large, labelled drawing of specimen X.

Calculate the magnification of your drawing. Show all working clearly.

measurement across drawing ______

equivalent measurement of specimen X. ______

magnification = ______

List four visible features that are the same in both specimen X and the specimen in Fig. 2.1.

1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______

Complete Table 2.1 with four pairs of differences that are visible in the specimens.

Table 2.1