Transport in Humans
82 questions· page 1 of 9
The system is described as a double circulatory system.
Describe what is meant by a double circulation.
Explain how the structure of the human heart is adapted to be the pump in a double circulatory system.
Some people have a heart defect called a 'hole in the heart', as shown in Fig. 5.2.
People with a hole in their heart may develop pain in their muscles and quickly become tired when they exercise.
Explain why this happens.
Use words from the list to complete the paragraph.
platelets glucagon pancreas plasma
liver sucrose endocrine
pituitary insulin glycogen
Glucose is transported in solution by the component of blood called ______ . If the concentration of glucose in the blood increases above normal, the hormone ______ is released into the blood by an ______ gland called the ______ . This hormone promotes the removal of glucose from the blood and its conversion into the chemical ______ .
If the concentration of glucose in the blood increases above normal and is not controlled, this can result in changes to some cells of this type. They may:
- lose their specialised shape
- become less flexible
- stick together with many other cells of the same type.
Suggest and explain how these changes will affect the body.
Human blood has many different components and functions.
Match each component to its function by drawing a line between them. One has been done for you.
The number of red blood cells in of blood is called a red blood cell count.
A normal red blood cell count for a female is cells in of blood.
Suggest two factors that could lead to a change in the red blood cell count in a 25 year-old female.
- ______
- ______
A blood test is one way of assessing a person's health and fitness. After a small sample of blood has been taken, its composition can be analysed.
Suggest and explain ways in which a blood test can help to determine a person's health and fitness.
Seven of the blood vessels have been labelled on the diagram using the letters A to G.
Complete the table by writing one letter, A to G, for each name or description of a blood vessel.
The first row has been completed for you.
| name or description | blood vessel |
|---|---|
| the aorta | B |
| carries blood containing the lowest concentration of urea | |
| one vessel that carries oxygenated blood | |
| carries blood at the highest pressure | |
| carries blood containing the highest concentration of glucose | |
| the hepatic vein | |
| an artery that carries deoxygenated blood |
Explain why the movement of blood through the circulatory system of a human is described as a double circulation.
State two differences between the structure of the heart of a fish and the structure of the heart of a human.
- ______
- ______
Draw a ring around the correct words to complete the sentence below.
| higher than | the same as | lower than |
The pressure of blood in the aorta of a fish will be ______ the pressure of blood in the aorta of a human.
State which component of human blood is not present in the blood of an Antarctic icefish.
______
Antarctic icefish live in the Antarctic Ocean where the water temperature is very cold.
Aerobic respiration is an enzyme-controlled reaction.
More oxygen is able to dissolve in water at a lower temperature.
Antarctic icefish have a larger heart, wider blood vessels and a greater volume of blood than fish of the same size that live in warmer water.
Suggest how Antarctic icefish with colourless blood are able to survive in the low temperatures of the Antarctic Ocean.
Explain, using your knowledge of the structures of arteries and veins, the change in mean blood pressure shown in the graph.
Describe, with reference to the movement of named substances, the process that takes place as blood passes through the capillaries of the body tissues.
Draw on the graph on page 8 a line to show the change in the mean blood pressure as blood passes to and from the tissues of the lungs.
State the functions of the aorta and the vena cava and describe how each is adapted for its functions.
Some people are born with a hole in their heart that allows blood to pass between the left and the right sides of the heart. Suggest how this condition may affect the efficiency of their circulatory system.