Human Nutrition

In each box write the letter that has been used to label these parts of the digestive system.

The part where starch digestion starts. ______

The part where protein digestion starts. ______

Describe the roles of organs B and C in lipid digestion.

If a child with coeliac disease is not treated, their growth may be reduced.

Use Fig. 3.2 to explain why.

Scientists are investigating a new treatment for coeliac disease. They have produced an enzyme that will digest gluten when it reaches organ E. They plan to put the enzyme into a tablet which can be swallowed.

To make this treatment work, the tablet must have a coating that will dissolve in alkaline conditions but not in acid conditions.

Explain why.

Complete Table 2.1, which provides descriptions of words related to the activity of maltase.

The first row has been completed for you.

Table 2.1

Vampire bats live in South America and feed entirely on blood.

They are the only known vertebrates which do not have maltase in their intestines.

Suggest an explanation for this.

Explain how the nutrition provided by the snack bar is suitable for a person training for a sporting event.

______

Calculate how many grams of dietary fibre are required in the diet to obtain 100% of the recommended daily value.

______ $\text{g}$

Describe what happens to protein in the digestive system.

______

Describe and explain how food is moved between the two points, T and U, labelled on the diagram.

State, for a normal healthy movement of food through the small intestine,

one necessary component of a balanced diet
______

one food that is a good source of this component
______

one effect of malnutrition resulting from a lack of this component.
______

Explain what is meant by a balanced diet and outline its components.

Discuss the effects on health of being underweight and of being overweight.

A $250\,\text{cm}^3$ drink of cow's milk provides 14% of the total mass of protein required each day in the diet of an average adult human.

Calculate the total mass of protein required in the diet of an average adult human each day.

You must state your answer to one decimal place and include correct units.

______

State two important uses of protein in the diet.

1. ______
2. ______

The table below lists four components of a balanced diet for an average adult human.

For each component listed, the percentage of the daily requirement provided by $250\,\text{cm}^3$ of milk is shown.

Discuss how a $250\,\text{cm}^3$ drink of cow's milk contributes to the health of an adult human for each of the components listed in the table.

Name a substance in a healthy diet, a lack of which leads to soft bones in a child.

______

Name a food that contains this substance.

______

Name the process that causes food to pass through the alimentary canal.

______

Suggest how the diets of the two groups of people may be different and give reasons for your answer.

Suggest reasons why it may be a disadvantage for food to pass through the alimentary canal too quickly.