Cell Structure and Organisation

Complete Table 1.1 to identify the structures labelled A and B and to describe the function of each structure.

Table 1.1

State one structure that is not visible in Fig. 1.1 but would be visible in the cytoplasm in an electron micrograph of the same two cells.

______

Describe the differences in structure and function between a cell wall and a cell membrane.

Explain, with examples, the relationship between cells, tissues and organs.

Name cells 4 and 5. Write your answers below.

cell 4 ______
cell 5 ______

Describe the function of structure D in cell 4.

You are now required to identify each cell by letter, following a series of instructions.

When you have identified each cell, write the appropriate letter beneath the identified cell in Fig. 3.1, in the space provided.

Cell E has already been identified for you.

Select a cell in Fig. 3.1, then ask yourself the following questions.

Q1 Does the cell have a cell wall?
if it does, go to Q2
if it does not, go to Q3

Q2 Does the cell have chloroplasts?
if it does, go to Q4
if it does not, then it is cell E

Q3 Does the cell have a nucleus?
if it does, go to Q5
if it does not, then it is cell F

Q4 Does the cell show more than 5 chloroplasts?
if it does, it is cell G
if it does not, then it is cell H

Q5 Does the nucleus occupy more than half of the cell's cytoplasm?
if it does, it is cell J
if it does not, then it is cell K

When you have completed this process for the cell you selected, repeat the process for another cell, and continue until all cells have been identified by letter.

Describe the functions of the cell membrane.

Explain the advantages to a plant of having its cell membranes surrounded by cell walls.

Name the type of organism represented by each of the cells and in each case give a reason for your answer.

organism A ______
reason ______

organism B ______
reason ______

organism C ______
reason ______

an animal

1. ______
2. ______

a plant

1. ______
2. ______

what is meant by a cell

how tissues and organs work together in the circulatory system.

Suggest the identity of the region labelled E in Fig. 5.1.

______

List the structures visible in Fig. 5.1 which suggest that this organism might be a plant.

List the ways in which this cell differs from a palisade cell in a plant leaf.

State two characteristics of bacteria that are not characteristics of viruses.

1. ______
2. ______

State one structural feature absent in a bacterial cell that is always present in a plant cell.

______

The diagram shows how the structural features found in plant cells and in animal cells can be grouped together.

List three features that would be grouped in region C on the diagram.

1. ______
2. ______
3. ______

The disease-causing organism that causes cholera is a bacterium.

Complete Table 1.1 to list some of the structures present in a bacterial cell and the function of each structure.

Table 1.1

The length of the bacterium in the photograph is $100\,\text{mm}$. Use this value to calculate the actual length of the bacterium in micrometres (µm).

______ $\text{µm}$

Use your knowledge of a type of specialised human cell to suggest the name of structure Z and to state its function.

name = ______
function = ______