[Legacy] Support, Movement and Locomotion

the cerebrum

the cerebellum

the hypothalamus.

Draw the letter X on Fig. 3.1a to show the location of the damage to the person’s skeleton that is shown in Fig. 3.1b.

Describe the damage to the person’s skeleton shown in Fig. 3.1b.

Name the muscle labelled B in Fig. 3.2.

______

Draw an arrow on Fig. 3.2 to show the direction of movement that will be caused when the muscle labelled B contracts.

When the muscle labelled B contracts, the muscle labelled A relaxes. State the term that refers to a pair of muscles that act in this way.

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Use the information in Fig. 3.3 to compare the approximate percentage of body mass that is due to the skeleton in birds and in humans.

One reason for this difference is that the bones of a bird contain air spaces. These air spaces are connected to the lungs of the bird.

The blood of birds contains more haemoglobin per unit volume than that of humans.

Suggest how these adaptations, and that shown in Fig. 3.3, help a bird to move by flying.

State the term used to describe such a pair of muscles.

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Explain why muscles are arranged in this way.

Name a muscle in the human body that is not arranged as one of a pair.

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Name two different types of joint found in the arm. For each joint, state exactly where in the arm it is found.

1 type of joint ______ where found ______
2 type of joint ______ where found ______

Fig. 2.2(a) shows an X-ray of the shoulder joint. Fig. 2.2(b) shows an X-ray of a shoulder with an artificial replacement joint.

Using evidence from Fig. 2.2(a) and Fig. 2.2(b), suggest why the type of replacement joint shown in Fig. 2.2(b) is known as a 'Reverse Shoulder Replacement'.

State the term for muscles that act in this way ______

Name the muscle in your arm that contracts to move your hand away from your nose after smelling a flower.

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Using the letters in Fig. 5.1, identify the two muscles that contract to move the leg off the ground from position R to position S.

______ and ______

State what happens to the other muscles in Fig. 5.1 during this action.

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Name each of the following:

A = ______
B = ______
C = ______

Identify the hinge joint on the diagram, by using a label line and the letter H.

Describe how the type of movement of a ball and socket joint differs from that of a hinge joint.