Disease and Immunity
177 questions· page 1 of 18
The table shows the number of deaths estimated to be due to smoking in England each year from 2009 to 2019.
| year | number of deaths estimated to be due to smoking |
|---|---|
| 2009 | 82 000 |
| 2010 | 80 300 |
| 2011 | 78 600 |
| 2012 | 78 700 |
| 2013 | 78 200 |
| 2014 | 77 800 |
| 2015 | 79 100 |
| 2016 | 77 900 |
| 2017 | 77 800 |
| 2018 | 77 000 |
| 2019 | 74 600 |
Using the information in the table, which statement is correct?
Options
A The number of deaths decreased every year from 2009 to 2019.
B The number of deaths decreased by 9% between 2009 and 2019.
C The lowest number of deaths in one year occurred in 2018.
D The greatest decrease in the number of deaths in one year occurred between 2017 and 2018.
What is a method used to control the malarial vector?
Options
A antibiotics
B antibodies
C insecticide
D herbicide
Which disease can be treated by using antibiotics?
Options
A cholera
B HIV
C malaria
D scurvy
Which row shows the type of pathogen that causes malaria and its method of transmission?
Options
| pathogen | transmission by | |
|---|---|---|
| A | protozoan | insect |
| B | protozoan | stagnant water |
| C | virus | blood |
| D | virus | moist air |
A disease is caused by a bacterium that infects the small intestine, producing a toxin.
The toxin causes osmotic movement of water from the cells into the small intestine, producing diarrhoea and extreme dehydration.
Which disease is being described?
Options
A AIDS
B cholera
C malaria
D sickle cell anaemia
Which statements about immunity are correct?
- Memory cells are produced as a result of both active and passive immunity.
- Antibodies are made in response to antigens on the surface of pathogens or in vaccines.
- Each type of antibody has a chemical shape that is identical to that of the antigen to which it binds.
Options
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 3
D 2 only
Which processes use energy obtained from respiration?
- contraction of intercostal muscles during breathing
- nitrate ions entering a root hair cell against the concentration gradient
- oxygen moving from the lungs into blood capillaries
- production of antibodies by lymphocytes
- water entering a bacterial cell by osmosis
Options
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1, 2 and 4
C 2, 3 and 4
D 3, 4 and 5
Which statement explains the association between smoking tobacco and emphysema?
Options
A Tobacco smoke can cause mutations in lung cells.
B Tobacco smoke can lead to the breakdown of alveoli.
C Tobacco smoke may reduce the growth of a fetus.
D Tobacco smoke reduces the amount of oxygen carried by red blood cells.
What prevents pathogens from entering the human body?
Options
A antibodies and lymphocytes
B antigens and memory cells
C red blood cells and lymphocytes
D stomach acid and mucus
A doctor obtains some bacteria from an infected patient.
The bacteria are grown in a Petri dish containing nutrient agar jelly.
The bacteria produce a grey coating on the agar jelly.
The doctor then adds three paper discs, each containing a different antibiotic.
The diagram shows the Petri dish 24 hours later.
What can the doctor conclude from these results?
Options
A The bacteria causing this patient's infection are not resistant to antibiotic Y.
B Antibiotic X would be more effective than antibiotic Y for treating this patient's infection.
C This patient is resistant to antibiotic Z.
D Antibiotic X is the least effective treatment for this patient's infection.