Organic Chemistry

Explain why methylbut-2-enoate is unsaturated.

______

Describe a chemical test to show that methylbut-2-enoate is unsaturated.

______

State the name of the type of catalyst used in this reaction.

______

State the name of the alcohol used in this reaction.

______

Draw the displayed formula of the carboxylic acid used in this reaction.

Draw the structure of this addition polymer.

Include at least two repeat units.

A sample of $80\text{ g}$ of methylbut-2-enoate is reacted to make the addition polymer.

There is a $100\%$ yield.

State the mass of addition polymer made.

Explain your answer.

mass of addition polymer = ______ $\text{g}$
explanation = ______

Fig. 8.2 shows compound B.

Explain why methylbut-2-enoate and compound B are a pair of structural isomers.

______

Explain why compound A is saturated.

______

Explain why compound A is an alcohol.

______

Explain why compound A is an ester.

______

Fig. 8.2 shows compound B.

Explain why compound A and compound B are a pair of structural isomers.

______

State the name of the type of catalyst used in this reaction.

______

State the name and draw the displayed formula of the alcohol used in this reaction.

name ______
displayed formula

Draw the structure of one repeat unit of this condensation polymer.

An equal number of moles of the monomers D and E are reacted to make the condensation polymer.

The total mass of the monomers D and E is $80\text{ g}$. There is a $100\%$ yield.

Explain why the mass of the condensation polymer made is less than $80\text{ g}$.

______

is methanol

______

is manufactured by the fermentation of aqueous glucose

______

is a carboxylic acid

______

is a saturated hydrocarbon

______

is formed by the reaction between methanol and propanoic acid.

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State which two compounds have the same molecular formula.

______ and ______

Deduce the molecular formula of tetradecane.

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State the name of the alkane in Table 8.1 that has the highest viscosity.

______

Explain how petroleum is separated by fractional distillation.

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Methane and ethane are both in the refinery gas fraction.

State one use for the refinery gas fraction.

______

Decane is in the naphtha fraction.

State one use for the naphtha fraction.

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Name the two types of monomer shown in Fig. 7.1.

1 ______

2 ______

Name the small molecule.

______

Draw the structure of PET.

Your structure should show two repeat units.

State two environmental challenges caused by the disposal of plastics made of PET.

1 ______

2 ______

Name one condensation polymer that is a polyamide.

______

Draw the displayed formula of compound A.

State the name of ester B.

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State the name of compound C.

______

Deduce the molecular formula of compound C.

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State the name and formula of compound D.

name ______
formula ______

State the formula of gas E and of liquid F.

E ______
F ______

Draw the structural formula of ester G.

Draw the general structure of the amino acid monomers used to make proteins.

Proteins are polyamides.

Name one other polyamide.

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Name the linkage present in PET.

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Proteins and PET are both made by condensation polymerisation.

Describe the differences between condensation polymerisation and addition polymerisation.

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Describe two environmental challenges caused by the disposal of plastics such as PET.

1. ______
2. ______

A, B and C are different compounds.

Identify by name A, B and C.

A ______
B ______
C ______

Name and draw the structure of D.

name ______

structure

Name and draw the structure of E.

name ______

structure

The structure of an organic compound is shown.

Deduce the molecular formula of this compound.

______

State the meaning of the term isomerism.

______

Draw the structure of a different isomer of butanol.

Butanol reacts with ethanoic acid, $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$, to form an ester.

Name this ester.

Draw the structure of this ester. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

name of ester ______
structure of ester

The partial structure of a polyester is shown.

Draw the structures of the two monomers used to make this polyester.

State one use of Terylene.

______

Name a naturally occurring molecule which has the same ester linkage as Terylene.

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Starch is a polymer which can be hydrolysed.

State the meaning of the term hydrolysis.

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The structure of an organic compound is shown.

Deduce the molecular formula of this compound.

______

Name this ester.

Draw the structure of this ester showing all atoms and all bonds.

name of ester = ______
structure of ester

State one use of esters.

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Ethanoic acid can be produced by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol.

Give one other method of oxidising ethanol to produce ethanoic acid.

______

Draw the partial structure of the condensation polymer formed from these two monomers to show:

• two repeat units
• all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the amide linkages.

State the meaning of the term condensation in condensation polymerisation.

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Proteins have amide linkages.

Proteins are hydrolysed using dilute acid.

Name the type of compound produced by this hydrolysis.

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