Acids, Bases and Salts

What is meant by the term strong acid?

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Describe how you could measure the pH of dilute sulfuric acid.

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Many plants cannot grow in soils which are too acidic.

Describe and explain how soils which are too acidic can be treated to reduce the acidity.

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The graph shows the effect of soil pH on the rate of uptake of potassium ions by plant roots.

Describe how the rate of uptake of potassium ions varies with soil pH.

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is a white solid with a high melting point that dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution,

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is a blue solid which, when dissolved in water, gives a white precipitate with aqueous barium nitrate,

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is a colourless gas that turns moist red litmus paper blue,

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Name the acid and an insoluble base that can be used to make magnesium chloride.

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Describe the experimental method used to prepare pure crystals of magnesium chloride from this acid and base.

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Aqueous barium chloride and aqueous potassium sulfate can be used to prepare barium sulfate in a precipitation reaction.

Write the ionic equation, including state symbols, for this reaction.

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Once the reaction has finished the mixture is filtered.

State why the mixture is filtered.

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Describe how to make pure, dry zinc nitrate crystals from an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate.

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Lead chloride is an insoluble salt.

It is prepared using a precipitation reaction.

Name two aqueous solutions that react together to give a precipitate of lead chloride.

______ and ______

Ammonium sulfate is a soluble salt.

It is prepared by the reaction of an alkali and an acid.

Name the alkali and the acid used.

alkali = ______
acid = ______

What is the meaning of the term acid in weak acid?

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What is the meaning of the term weak in weak acid?

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Describe how universal indicator can be used to find the pH of dilute propanoic acid.

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Give a large scale use of calcium hydroxide that depends on its basic character.

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Construct the equation for the complete neutralisation of sulfuric acid by potassium hydroxide.

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Use the graph to deduce the volume of aqueous potassium hydroxide required to neutralise $25.0\text{ cm}^3$ of sulfuric acid.

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Describe the essential experimental details for preparing a pure sample of zinc nitrate crystals from zinc oxide.

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State why it is important to use an excess of zinc oxide in this preparation.

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Suggest how the excess zinc oxide is removed from the reaction mixture to leave only aqueous zinc chloride.

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Barium sulfate is an insoluble salt.

It is prepared using a precipitation reaction.

Name two aqueous solutions that react together to give a barium sulfate precipitate.

______ and ______

Name the acid and the alkali used.

acid = ______
alkali = ______

Name the experimental technique used to make neutral aqueous sodium nitrate.

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Deduce whether the acid used is more likely to be hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
Explain your answer.

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Construct an equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.

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The student repeats the experiment using $50\text{ cm}^3$ of $0.10\text{ mol / dm}^3$ ethanoic acid.

Use the kinetic particle theory to explain why the rate of reaction is slower with ethanoic acid than with hydrochloric acid.

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