Reflection and Refraction of Light

State the value of the angle of incidence at point P.

angle of incidence = ______ $^\circ$

Draw the normal and the angle of incidence at point R.

Label the angle of incidence.

State two conditions needed so that no light refracts from the glass into the air at point Q.

1. ______
2. ______

State the name of one other type of electromagnetic radiation used to transmit information through long, thin glass fibres.

Suggest two advantages of using glass fibres rather than copper wires to transmit information from the internet.

1. ______
2. ______

On Fig. 4.1, mark and label the angle of incidence $i$ and the angle of refraction $r$ for the blue light as it enters the prism.

On Fig. 4.1, continue the path of the blue light after it strikes the left side of the prism.

The refractive index of glass for red light is smaller than the refractive index for blue light.

On Fig. 4.1, draw the path of the red light as it travels in the prism and after it strikes the left side of the prism.

State what is meant by the critical angle.

The refractive index of glass for blue light is 1.5.

Calculate the critical angle $c$ for blue light in glass. Show your working.

$c$ = ______

Explain how Fig. 3.1 shows this.

State what happens to the wavelength of the light and what happens to the frequency of the light as it enters the block.

wavelength ______
frequency ______

Determine angle $\phi$.

$\phi$ = ______

The angle of incidence $i$ at the bottom surface is equal to $\phi$ and the critical angle for the material of the block in air is $39^\circ$.

Explain what happens to the light after it meets the bottom surface.

A plane mirror produces an image of an object.

Describe the position of this image.

mark the position of the image of X formed by the mirror

draw a ray of light from X to show how the dentist can see the tooth.

State one characteristic of the image formed by the plane mirror other than its position.

Determine the angle of incidence at mirror A.

angle of incidence at A = ______

Determine the angle of incidence at mirror B.

angle of incidence at B = ______

Describe the path of the reflected ray after it leaves mirror B.

A plane mirror hanging on a wall is used to form the image of an object.

State three characteristics of the image formed.

1. ______
2. ______
3. ______

State what happens to the wavelength of the light in the ray as it enters the glass.

State what happens to the frequency of the light in the ray as it enters the glass.

Calculate the critical angle for light in glass.

critical angle = ______

On Fig. 4.1, sketch the path of the light after it strikes the side of the prism at Z and after it returns to the air.

On Fig. 3.1, mark the critical angle and label it $c$.

State why only one of the three rays is totally internally reflected.

the refractive index for water

refractive index = ______

the critical angle for the boundary between water and air.

critical angle = ______

Explain what is meant by critical angle.

Calculate the refractive index of diamond.

refractive index = ______

Fig. 6.1 shows two diamonds of different shapes. A ray of light enters each diamond, as shown.

On Fig. 6.1 continue the path of each ray of light until it emerges into the air.

Explain what is meant by the term critical angle.

The lamp sends light towards the surface of the pool.

Fig. 4.1 shows three rays of light that are at $30^\circ$, $60^\circ$ and $90^\circ$ to the horizontal.

On Fig. 4.1, draw the path taken by each of the three rays after they strike the surface of the water.

Calculate the refractive index of the glass in the optical fibre.

refractive index = ______

Explain why the ray of light is totally internally reflected at A.

Both optical fibre and copper wire are used to transmit data.

Optical fibre is cheaper and can carry more data per second than copper wire.

State one other advantage of using optical fibre rather than copper wire to transmit data.