Biology 9700/41 — October/November 2014
Cambridge A-Level · A Level Structured Questions · worked solutions for every part, with the mark scheme
Topics Inheritance · Selection and Evolution · Classification, Biodiversity and Conservation · Homeostasis · Control and Coordination · (outdated) Biotechnology · +5 more
All modern breeds of dog belong to the same species and are thought to have originated from 14 ancient breeds by the process of artificial selection. The golden retriever is a modern breed that is often used as a guide dog for people who are blind or visually impaired.
Fig. 1.1 shows a golden retriever.
Explain how the principles of artificial selection would have been used to produce golden retrievers with the characteristics required for a guide dog.
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, is found worldwide. It is able to breed with all other members of the genus to form fertile hybrids.
The distribution of some of the species belonging to the genus Canis is shown in Fig. 1.2.
The dingo and the grey wolf species have distinct ranges but the ranges of three species of jackal overlap in East Africa.
Table 1.1 shows whether members of different species of the genus Canis are able to breed with each other.
Table 1.1
key: ✓ = able to interbreed ✗ = unable to interbreed ? = interbreeding unknown
| dingo | grey wolf | golden jackal | side-striped jackal | black-backed jackal | domestic dog | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dingo | ✓ | ? | ? | ? | ? | ✓ |
| grey wolf | ? | ✓ | ? | ? | ? | ✓ |
| golden jackal | ? | ? | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| side-striped jackal | ? | ? | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ |
| black-backed jackal | ? | ? | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| domestic dog | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Suggest the type of isolating mechanism preventing:
• the three species of jackal interbreeding
• the dingo mating with all the other members of the genus Canis apart from the domestic dog.
Using the information in Fig. 1.2 and Table 1.1, state:
• one reason why the members of the genus Canis could be described as one species
• one reason why they should be described as separate species.
The rest of this paper
9 more questions- Q2(outdated) Biotechnology9M
- Q3Genetic Technology · Homeostasis · Inheritance15M
- Q4Classification, Biodiversity and Conservation · Selection and Evolution · Inheritance15M
- Q5Energy and Respiration8M
- Q6Control and Coordination10M
- Q7Inheritance8M
- Q8Photosynthesis12M
- Q9(outdated) Crop Plants · Control and Coordination15M
- Q10(outdated) Aspects of Human Reproduction · Homeostasis15M