Enzymes are used in the fruit juice industry to help with the extraction of juice from fruit. Some students wanted to investigate the extraction of juice from some crushed apples. They were provided with: - two beakers labelled A and B containing the same mass of crushed apples - a solution of an enzyme - two measuring cylinders labelled A and B - two filter funnels and some filter paper. They followed these instructions: - add $2\text{ cm}^3$ enzyme solution to beaker A -…

Biology 5090/62 — May/June 2022

Cambridge O-Level · Alternative to Practical · worked solutions for every part, with the mark scheme

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Topics Observations and Measurements · Use of Techniques, Apparatus and Materials · Experimental Contexts · Planning Experiments and Investigations · Analysis, Conclusions and Evaluation · Microscopy and Biological Drawing

Q127MUse of Techniques, Apparatus and MaterialsObservations and MeasurementsExperimental ContextsPlanning Experiments and InvestigationsAnalysis, Conclusions and EvaluationFree sample

Enzymes are used in the fruit juice industry to help with the extraction of juice from fruit.

Some students wanted to investigate the extraction of juice from some crushed apples.

They were provided with:

two beakers labelled A and B containing the same mass of crushed apples
a solution of an enzyme
two measuring cylinders labelled A and B
two filter funnels and some filter paper.

They followed these instructions:

add $2\text{ cm}^3$ enzyme solution to beaker A
add $2\text{ cm}^3$ water to beaker B
use a clean stirring rod to mix the contents of each beaker
leave the beakers for five minutes
place a piece of filter paper in each filter funnel
place one filter funnel in measuring cylinder A and the other in measuring cylinder B
after five minutes fill the filter paper in A with the crushed apple and enzyme solution from beaker A and fill the filter paper in B with the crushed apple and water from beaker B
start the stop-clock and measure the volume of any apple juice collected in the measuring cylinders A and B every 2 minutes for 10 minutes.

Fig. 1.1

(a)

Name a piece of apparatus suitable for measuring $2\text{ cm}^3$ , other than a measuring cylinder.

______

(b)

Some of the students' results are shown in the table.

time / $\text{........}$	total volume of juice collected / $\text{.........}$
	A	B
0	0.0	0.0
2	12.0	4.0
4	18.5	6.5
6	21.0	7.0
8	21.5	8.0
10

The diagram below shows the juice collected in both measuring cylinders after 10 minutes.

Fig. 1.2

Complete the table headings and record the volumes of apple juice in the table.

(c)

Use the data in the table to suggest why the use of this enzyme is an advantage in the fruit juice industry.

(d)

Suggest reasons for:

(i)

stirring the contents of beakers A and B

______

(ii)

using a clean stirring rod to stir the contents of beaker B.

______

(e)

Explain how the contents of beaker B act as a control.

(f)

(i)

Use the information in the table to construct a line graph for the data for A. Join your points with ruled, straight lines.

Fig. 1.3

(ii)

Use your graph to estimate the volume of juice collected at five minutes. Show your working on your graph.

volume of juice collected at five minutes = ______

(g)

Design an experiment, based on the method used by the students, to investigate the effect of the enzyme on the production of juice from different varieties (types) of apple.

Give full experimental details.

(h)

A student tested some apple juice for the presence of reducing sugar and observed a red colour.

Name the testing solution the student used, state a temperature at which the test was carried out and a conclusion for the student's observation.

testing solution = ______
temperature = ______
conclusion = ______

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