Physics 5054/41 — May/June 2022

Cambridge O-Level · Alternative to Practical · worked solutions for every part, with the mark scheme

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Topics Experimental Contexts · Analysis, Conclusions and Evaluation · Use of Techniques, Apparatus and Materials · Observations and Measurements · Planning Experiments and Investigations

Q114MExperimental ContextsAnalysis, Conclusions and EvaluationFree sample

A student investigates how the temperature of a volume of water changes as hotter water is added to it.

$160\ \text{cm}^3$ of water at $20^\circ\text{C}$ is poured into a glass measuring cylinder.

Fig. 1.1 shows the measuring cylinder.

(a)

The measuring cylinder contains $160\ \text{cm}^3$ of water.

Fig. 1.1

On Fig. 1.1, draw the level of the water, showing the meniscus.

(b)

The student pours $100\ \text{cm}^3$ of water from the measuring cylinder into a large beaker.

He then:

uses a kettle to provide a constant supply of hot water
adds $50\ \text{cm}^3$ of hot water at $70^\circ\text{C}$ to the beaker
stirs the mixture
records the new temperature of the water in the beaker
continues to add $50\ \text{cm}^3$ of hot water at a time, recording the new temperature for each addition, until a total of $300\ \text{cm}^3$ of hot water has been added.

(i)

The student ensures that the temperature of the water added each time is $70^\circ\text{C}$ .

Suggest how this is done.

(ii)

The student repeats the experiment and obtains three sets of results, as shown in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1

total volume of hot water added $V / \text{cm}^3$	temperature $\theta / ^\circ\text{C}$	average temperature $\theta_{av} / ^\circ\text{C}$
0	20 20 20	20
50	33 34 33	33
100	42 40 40	41
150	47 49 46
200	51 52 51	51
250	53 54 53	53
300	54 55 54	54

Calculate the average temperature $\theta_{av}$ when total volume of hot water added $V = 150\ \text{cm}^3$ .

Record, in Table 1.1, your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

(iii)

On Fig. 1.2, plot a graph of $\theta_{av} / ^\circ\text{C}$ on the y-axis against $V / \text{cm}^3$ on the x-axis. Start both axes from the origin (0,0).

Fig. 1.2

Draw a smooth curved line of best fit.

(iv)

Your graph shows that $\theta_{av}$ is not directly proportional to $V$ .

Describe how your graph shows this and suggest why $\theta_{av}$ is not directly proportional to $V$ .

(c)

The student repeats the experiment with a layer of insulation around the beaker.

On your graph in Fig. 1.2, sketch a line to show the results with a layer of insulation around the beaker. Label this line with the letter A.

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